Background Of Nike Inc Commerce Essay

Background Of Nike Inc Commerce EssayThis invoice is to identify and analyze as nearly evaluate contrast morality of Nike, Inc. Nike produces a wide range of sports equipment. Due to the volume and the market spread out for the products, Nike need to source for multiple manuf doingurers in different plain in order to second its proceeds. Herein, we go away analyze good bits and predicaments that Nikes International wrinkle operation had faced while manufacturing its goods in foreign lands. There atomic number 18 three ethical plights been criticized towards Nike sweatshop supply, claw project issue and variation issue. in addition that, we also depart evaluate the ways Nike has dealt with those dilemmas. Nike had made six promises or initiatives to deal with their sweatshop and kid cut into issue, whereas compensation is utilize to clobber the employees contrast issue. This report as s tumesce covers the ethical scoop out utilizations and values of Nike I nc. Nikes collective social responsibilities and corporate governance will be discussed in exposit in order to evaluate the best practices and values that Nike had practiced.1.1 Background of Nike, Inc.Nike, Inc. is a worldwide Ameri disregard corporation, which focus in design, development, worldwide marketing and merchandising sports product. It was founded by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight on January 25, 1964 as Blue decoration Sports, and offici completely(prenominal)y known as Nike, Inc. on May 30, 1978. Nike is headquartered salutary Beaverton, Oregon, in the Portland metropolitan atomic number 18a, joined States. As of way 2012, Nike employed much than than 44,000 community worldwide with an excess of US$24.1 superstar thousand thousand in its fiscal year 2012 (ending May 31, 2012). Nikes brand alone is valued at US$10.7 billion making it the most valuable brand among some other sports businesses (http//nikeinc.com/pages/history-heritage).2.0 Nikes Ethical Dilemm asNike has been accuse for several ethical issues in developing and under developed economies, at sweatshops, hired child force back, and discrimination, which usurpationed their s cultivateholders. correspond to Freeman (1984), stakeholder is insinuatering to any conclave or individual that can affect or is touch on by how organisations carry its objectives (Crane and Matten, 2007). In order to reduce the furbish up to the stakeholders, Nike had tried to course correction and state-supported relations as a measure to pull through the bad catch generated by the accusation.According to Crane and Matten (2007), ethic is delimit as pertaining or dealing with the study of morality and the reason that impose to elucidate specific rules and principles that determine the recompenseness and wrongness for certain conk on and the goodness and the badness of the motives for that situation or proceeding. In this reports, three major ethical dilemmas will be analyze, child labou r, sweatshops issue, discrimination issues.2.1 Sweatshop / deplorable Conditions of functional EnvironmentSweatshop also been known as sweat manu milling machinery is refer to any functional environs that is considered and negatively involved in slimy, unacceptably difficult or dangerous situation that can harm the employees. Sweatshop scarperers creamed for ample instants and sometimes exceeding 14 hours daily with a pay on a grimer floor living net income. Nike were attacked for unethic all toldy took advantage of these labour markets. However, Nike has denied this claim many times, and verbalised that they did non confine any control over the factories. Nike factories in Vietnam, Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia and china been criticized due to the negative cupboard ar exposed to the public which been revealed from the interviews of factory workers interview, site visits and the protest by activist which showed is Nikes fault for allowing poor contain of working condit ions atomic number 18 persist in these factories. According to ABC News, April 2010 in Vietnam, thousands of Nike factory workers went on strike due to poor working conditions and low wages. Beside that, workers were unable to leave the build if they did not meet the quota or marking before attempting to go home. all(prenominal) these showed Nike seriously act to the violation of gay rights. Thuyen Nguyen part of the Vietnam drive Watch wrote one extreme situation authenticated in 1996, when 100 workers were constrained kneel in the sun for an hour because one of the workers had spilled fruit on the alter. According to Vietnam Nike Fact Sheet (1996), 15 Vietnamese women workers told CBS News that they were hit over the head by their executive program due to poor sewing. Two workers were sent to the hospital after(prenominal)(prenominal) the incident. Nikes chief executive officer Phil Knight respond to to a higher place two incidents by minimized the starting line inc ident, stating incorrectly at that place were hardly one worker was truck on the arm. too that, fact sheet as tumefy stated thither were 45 women workers were forced by the Nike supervisors to kneel down with their hands up in the strip for 25 minutes. asunder from that, Vietnam fact sheet as well stated that, Women workers appoint Nike factory told CBS News that they are forced to work overtime to meet a daily target which is groom unrealistically high. Most workers at Vietnam Nike plants are forced to work exceeded 600 hours of overtime per year, and according to Vietnam Labour Law Article 69, the labour user and diddley are allow to work overtime, besides it is limit to not much than four hours a day and not more than 200 hours per year. Nike factories in Vietnam are clear violation of this Article. In Vietnam human face, workers are treated slavery, there are only 24 hours in a day but they engender to spend 16 hours or more at work in order to keep a job, it is a complete demur of a right to life, or in other words is a human rights violation. Another case excreteed in International Womens Day of 1997, 56 women failed to wear the proper shoes into the Nike factory. In order to let they fall upon from their mistake through punishment, they were forced outside in the heat to belong approximately the building. As a result of the punishment, many women fainted due to vaporization and spent the day in the hospital. This entire incident stated above was the physical abuse towards the workers.It is an embarrassment for Nike to perplex its image associated with sweatshops in Asia, the revelations is exist to the sales of Nikes products. Sales were declining and Nike was existence claimed by the media as a come with who was willing to exploit workers and deprive them of the basic wage needed to keep up them in an effort in order to expand profits.2.2 Child Labour IssueAnother ethical major issue is child labour. Nike was label as force d children as slavery in hazardous working conditions for below-subsistence wages (Hill, 2009). According to Hill (2009), Nike was found for producing the popular Air Jordan sneakers exploitation 11-year olds in Indonesia making 14 cents per hour. According to Hill (2009), a Nike factory which owed by Korean Subcontractor, hired children as young as 13 years old as workers for earning less than 10 cents per hour were undeniable to work up to 17 hours a day without talking.Child labour is scattered all over Pakistan, but the greatest impact was on a north-western province called Sialkot. Sialkot is an important sharpen for the production of goods for export, especially uncontaminating goods. Child labour exists in both the export and domestic sectors of the parsimoniousness in Sialkot. In Pakistan, livelihood is difficult and many families had to push their children to trade.In year 1996, Life Magazine reported an article regarding the child labour in Nike Pakistan, this is whe n Nike was found hired children as their labour. The article included a buck showed twelve years old boy, called Tariq was surrounded by the Nike association football ball, which he spent most of a day to stitching in concert for the pay of 60 cents. When this photograph was exposed, activists all across Canada and United States were stand in front of Nike shop by holding up Tariqs photograph to pressing Nike to solve the conundrum. This had caused Nike faced ethical issue about its labour practice abroad, and as well faced to public relations impact which adversely affect their account and image. (http//www1.american.edu/ted/nike.htm).Nike factory in Pakistan, child labours were employ in the production of soccer balls, more than 200 children some of which are as young as 4 or 5, involved in the process (Sengel, 2005). Children stitch soccer ball for only 60 cents an hour. According to 1.american.edu, Nikes entered in to the Pakistan markets was part of its long term strateg ic planning. Nike went into Pakistan, with having abundant companionship of the favourable conditions prevailing in terms of child labour and has interpreted no precautions to prevent the use of child labour in the production of its soccer balls. Instead Nike has made a profit from their Pakistans contractor who has used bonded child labour in the production process. According to a Foulball course report, Nike has refused twice to defecate a check in their Saga-managed centre in Pakistan while conversely Nikes rival Reebok readily granted access to its Moltex-managed centre in Pakistan (http//www1.american.edu/ted/nike.htm). Several rumours come out regarding this matter, it let government have no choice to pressure Nike to look into and solve this problem.According to Teds case studies (1999), in Indonesian a 12 years old lady friend was working 70 hours a week, in an unhealthy environment plant making shoes for Nike. Nike is profiting from the cheap labour cost of production, due to the promise factory is employing children to make the product. Nike ignored the laws that protecting the workers in prefer of sensitive costs and lowering health standards. According to Csar Rodrguez (2005), political pullership were bribed by factory supervisors in order to limit governmental interference. The leaders passed the messages to military and police units to overlook the conditions in factories so that the illegal environment could remain open and functioning. Leaders also were warned to watch for the signs of labour activists near the factories to prevent workers from aligning with activists for transgress conditions.2.3 Discrimination IssueThere was a solicit case on Nike discrimination issue in 2003 in Chicago. According to Barbara Rose the reporter to Chicago Tribune, 2003, this dilemma happened obviously, Nike Chicago was not complying with their matter of keep an eye on policy under the Nike commandment of ethical motive. Nike prohibited discrimina tion and harassment to happen, in order to prevent these situation happens, Nike submits employees with an effective armorial bearing process. But, this court case has clearly showed that, there are not all the Nikes store is complying with their enroll of morality.The plaintiffs of the case stated that African-American employees claimed that they are being segregated for poor treatment. The employees were alleged that Chicagos Nike had involved in discrimination issue that Nike segregated African-Americans into lower paying jobs such(prenominal) as stockroom or cashier positions. alike that, African-Americans as well do not have opportunity to get promotion to sales position by weakness to post job openings. Nike s store supervisor are only hired African-American into part-time rather than the full-time positions that can get emend utilitys, for example health insurance and paid vacation, this condition of employment is vary than Caucasian staff. Caucasian staff was hired as full time staff which means they can get all the benefits of the company. Apart from this, African-American employees are subjected to searches when leaving the store, while Caucasian employees were impoverished from such searches. According to the suit, work rules and regulations regarding attendance, sick leave and employee discounts also were unequally applied.The region of the complaint is clear stated that this discrimination is the caused a hostile work environment. Nike Chicagos supervisor was not complying with the Nike inscribe of ethics, under matter of respect policy. This dilemma leads to racial discrimination, which pressure the employee to sound out their rights by putting court case against Nike. Due to this is a sensitive issue, Nike was under the government pressure to settle this court case as fast as they could.3.0 swear out Taken By Nike to Deal with Ethical DilemmasEthical dilemmas faced by Nike is adversely impact their reputation and image. When reputat ion drop, sales as well will drop, due to customer will no longer sanction to Nikes products, and this will lead to financial impact to Nike. In order to quash and solve to the ethical dilemmas that Nike had root forted, Nike has come out the satisfy to deal with the ethical dilemmas.3.1 Ways Deal With SweatshopAccording to the analysis in 2.1, Nike overseas promise their works to foreign companies and therefore not under their direct supervision. However, when intelligence about the harsh conditions was being revealed, bodily functions were taken against Nike. According Global step in (2001), six promises were made by Nikes President, Phil Knight and Nike factories throughout the world were requisite to obey the rules (http//www.squidoo.com/nike-sweatshop-allegations). The first initiative is stop using the harmful chemic adhesive called toluene. Nike found toluene caused harmful effects to workers who are not properly guarded by wearing masks or gloves to prevent the po isonous substance and the fumes that it emits. To respond to this critic, Nike was able to create water-based adhesive athletic shoes, which has no such side effects. By this creation, Nike managed to establish a positive air caliber control model for their competitors. Phil Knight also masterd that Nike would plow with its research and ensure all Nike factories met United States Occupational Safety and wellness Administration (OSHA) standards in indoor air quality. In order to assure this requirement, Nike stated that indoor air testing of all footwear factories and limited review testing were required to conduct when necessary. These tests would be a climax in the final report that made by independent non-government organization (NGO). Nike were effrontery three months of reformment or correction on the air quality levels from the date of the final report were made.Nike responded to the child labour ethical dilemma by practising the second initiative. Nike raised the minim al age of all footwear factories to 18 years old and raised the minimum age of enclothe and equipment factories to 16 years old. Phil Knight reported that Nike has zero tolerance for pocket-size labour, and there has never been a time in Nikes history where child labour has been a problem, as well that it really hasnt been a problem in the shoe industry as a whole (http//www.stanford.edu).In the third initiative, Nike is recognized the need for the independent monitoring of the manufacturing facilities. The monitoring governing body is a very important initiative in the meantime it ceremonious a means of public bank noteability. By referring to immediately launching a structured monitoring system, Nike was implying that their current working conditions are sufficient. This initiative was better and avoids the sweatshop condition which occurred in Nikes factories. By implemented this monitoring system, any of poor condition of working environment detected efficiently and the pe riod take to solve the problem is shortened. Referring to 2.1 sweatshop issue which happened in Vietnam , 2003, this initiative practised by Nike factory and solve the sweatshop issue by paying the average wage of $54 a month it is a three times the minimum for a state-owned enterprise. Nike job provide the benefit with a regular wage, with free or subsidized meals, free medical services and training as well as education. Better working conditions and higher pay lead the economic productivity been improved. According to Jakarta post (2011), Nike as well developing programs to train factorys manager cultural sensitivity as well as their leadership skills. To avoid any abusive treatment cases happen again, Nikes headquarters in Beaverton, Oregon has invested heavily in training managers and more closely monitoring their activities in the Nikes factories (Wright.S, 2011).The fourth and fifth initiatives are to improve and making positive division or offering benefits to employees. T hese initiatives are improve the Nike poor working conditions and child labour issue. Nike offered an educational program in the factories including middle and high school equivalency course accessibility, as well as free class during non-working hours for all workers in Nike footwear factories. In these Initiatives, Nikes factories are encouraged to raise the pay of employees who complete the programme. as well as that, in Nikes fifth initiative, flyspeck business loan program provide funds to support thousand families each in the nations of Indonesia, Pakistan, Vietnam, and Thailand. This program provides loans to women who wish to create crushed businesses and as well support those unemployed women who can run small businesses that increase their familys economic well-being as well as subsidize to the societys overall development are the effort of this program. When the economics of families is increased, children will not need to work to earn living wage, therefore they can have better education.Finally, the sixth initiative is to support the independent research by sponsoring the university research or open forums to explore issues related to global manufacturing and average business practices (Tim.c, 2001). Sponsorship made by Nike could increase their reputation and good image it can be a method to release positive press which can please the public and stakeholders, so that the negative issue will be forgotten.By introducing and applying the six initiatives, Nike is practising descriptive stakeholder theory in their action taken. Descriptive stakeholder theory is defined as a company is hard to find out whether and how company really do take into account stakeholder interest (Crane and Matten, 2007). From the six initiatives applied, Nike attempting to please their stakeholder by applying these initiatives, and it as well as guidelines to their management. Improvement can be seen, criticisms from the public is successful responded by these initia tives. Poor condition of working environment is closely monitored, low wages been raised, child labours been solved by providing benefits to employees, when a family income increased, children are not needed to work in order to earn living wage. Nike is aware to the ethical dilemmas they faced, and sure precaution is developed to avoid such criticisms occur again.3.2 CompensationThe purpose by paying compensation to the workers is one of the actions taken by Nike to solve their bad image that created to the public, they hope that by this case been settled, and the reputation of Nike could be increase.Nike has denied the accusation of discrimination issue in court. However, Nike settled the lawsuit by paying compensation amounted US $7.6 million. In addition, the settlement called to appoint a renewal consultant to ensure Nike Chicago complied with the consent decree. (David.S, 2007). Nike agreed in the settlement to improve their work force more tolerant and more diversity. For example Nikes store in Chicago would need to have diversity consultant and all their supervisors and managers are required to train in diversity (Sachdev.A, 2007). By the agreement which Nike promised in the settlement, the discrimination issue and their business ethics been closely monitored. As a result, Nike can practised business ethically and convinced publics to trust their products again.4.0 Nike Best Practices and ValuesEven though Nike have ethical dilemmas issue, but they all the while have practice their best practices and values in order to keep their corporate operating in good faith and as well provide positive contribution to the stakeholders and society. It is a duty for a corporation to contribute to society, best practices can in the form of charity, donation, sponsorship, and so on. With best practices, values can be added into the corporations reputation and image it can increase the confidence and maintain the commitment of the stakeholders toward the corporati on.4.1 Corporate Social ResponsibilitiesCorporate social responsibilities (CSR) are the policy of the company itself to conduct social activities, such as donation, charity, sponsorship, community involvement, and protect of environment, to benefits their stakeholders. It is a process that a company makes positive contribution and impacts to the society to form a long term investment in a safer, better educated, more fairness community, which can create beneficial and stable deal to do business for the corporation (Crane and Matten, 2007).According to Nike annual report 2009, Nike is committed to CSR, they are driven to do not only is required by the law, but also what is supported of a leader. Donation is one of the Nikes pity toward the society. Nike donated USD $1 million to the Lance Armstrong Foudation (LAF) on May 17, 2004. LAF and Nike were together launched the conjure of Wear Yellow Live Strong, to raise fund for LAFs backup support, education, public health and also th eir research Programs. Nike donations had led LAFs fund raised to redundant millions of dollars through the sale of yellow wristbands. As of October 28, 2004, there are more than 20 million of wristbands being sold, this efforts benefits the LAF programs to friend the people who living with cancer. Nike go along this contribution by carried out by selling the LIVESTRONG wristband in all the Nike stores and outlets.According to Crane and Matten, 2007, corporate social responsibility is differentiate into four aspects economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities. Nike is apply to philanthropic responsibilities by up(a) the education programs for the society community who with low income families. In April 2004, Nike is committed to engineer Start, a National School Readiness Program that provides comprehensive education, health, keep and the services of parent involvement to the low income children and families. The contribution of USD $ 5.2 million from Nike has service of process Head Start Programs to provide a total of 2102 computers to reach thousands of kids and their families. Besides that, on Dec 14, 2004, Nike launched NikeGO Afterschool program associated with SPARK (Sports, Play and Active cheer for Kids), this programs brings physical activity which including training and education plan. Nike as well donated the Nike products of equipment kits and other facilities to children age five to fourteen of the program. In order to expand the benefit to more community, Nike also launch the programs in a total of 42 sites in United States (http//www.knowmore.org).From Nike Sustainability report, Nike is trying to do their best in practice in how to doing the right affaire and just and fair to all. When immanent calamity happened, Nike expressed their sympathy by the helping communities who are affected by chance with funding and product donations, in order to immediately renew what had been lost. However, Nike found that by donati on, they did not always meet the needs of those affected at the right time or in the right ways. Nike had go through their approach, and they found that by supporting NGO partners, such as gentleness Corps and CARE (Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere), during the immediately consequences of a disaster through donation and supporting by Nikes employees who wanted to contribute to help the disaster victims. Nike as well concentrate in using the cause of sport to assist young people who affected by natural disasters to overcome with the trauma of losing loved ones, their homes, their properties and sometimes even their communities. Moving advancing Program is created By Nike and NGO partners to overcome and help communities rebuild after the natural disaster. This program provided tools to teachers, trainers and parent to assist youth post-disaster through well-designed sports activities and steering courses. This program as well has been implemented in many communit ies around the world, such as Japan, China, Peru and Haiti. Nike is so passionate about the impact of the program and its adaptability that Nike has made it available online for any community or organization to practice. Besides that, Nikes employees who volunteer to involve in assisting to rebuild schools and community centres. For example, the earthquake happened in Haiti, January 2010, there are more than 1600 of Nike employees had made personal donations which totalled more than USD $170,000, after combined with Nike donation, the total of Haiti disaster championship was USD $450,000. Beside of this case, for Japan Tsunami in 2011, Nike had contributed USD$1 million in cash and product in value of USD $250,000 to relief and rebuilding efforts to the disaster victims.From the CSR had done by Nike, Nike is applied to the moral philosophy of Duties. Ethics of Duties is defined as values judge by the morality issue no matter who is involved or profits and who is harmed by the prin ciples (Crane and Matten, 2007). It is refer with what people do, but not based on the consequences of their actions. Nike practiced CSR in their corporation is because there are doing the right liaison, and also because its the right thing to do. Nike justify that CSR is an action by showing that it produced good consequences.4.1 Corporate political scienceNike has made a commitment to improving business ethics by adhering to a jurisprudence of Ethics, which is a set of guidelines for worker health and safety, environmental responsibility, fair employment, and non-discrimination. Nike rule of ethics for employees is called Inside the Lines it is about the standards of conduct that Nike expect of all their employees. Nikes employees are required to verify that they have read and consider Inside the Lines annually (www.nikeresponsibility.com, 2011).Nike had set a global toll- free jovial Line for employees to report any suspected violations of the law or their code of ethics, all the details of the employees are confidential, this as well called as sing Blowing Act. Reported are not limited to any of the stirs around accounting, auditing or internal control are communicated to the advances audit committee, which appropriate action is determined. This act is encouraged employee to be responsible to the company, by concern and aware what is actually happening in the company, and spelt out to the alert line in order to points out the violations, so that company will grow better and practised business ethics. Nike required the work-related activities of every employee mustiness reflect the standards of truth, loyalty, trustworthiness, fairness, and concern for others and responsibility. Nike expected employees to be sensitive to any situations that can badly impact Nikes reputation and are expected to use wise judgment and rule in the way conduct business. This command of Ethics applies to Nike itself and its worldwide subsidiaries (Nike scratch of E thics, 2011).In Nike code of ethics, they are committed to socially responsible practices they are driven to do not only what is required by law, but also what is expected of a leader. Same expectations are applied towards all their business partners. Nike code of ethics covers contractors who manufacture Nike product. This code requires Nike partners management practices to respect the labour and employment rights of all employees, to minimize the impact on the environment, provide a safe and healthy work place, and promote the health and benefits of all employees. It is a responsibility for Nike team member to compliance with the Nike code of ethics (Nike Code of Ethics, 2011).From the code of export and import laws, Nikes policy is to comply with United States Anti-boycott laws. This law is intended to avoid Nike from participate in any action to support of a boycott imposed by one country upon a country that is friendly to U.S. This is strictly prohibited in Nike, Inc (Nike Code of Ethics, 2011).In the code of conflict of interest, Nike stated bribery and corruption is prohibited. A conflict of interest will rise when Nikes employee using Nikes reputation or name to gain personal interest from or to the companies that is doing business with Nike, this will results bribery or corruption. Employee not allows taking the opportunities to benefits themselves or others, and as well employees are never should compete with Nike. This code is protecting Nike to involve in bribery and corruption case which can adversely impact Nikes reputation and image. This code as well shown Nike make business decision with honesty and integrity, and they are considering their corporate objectives by right things and fairness is practiced by Nike to run their business (Nike Code of Ethics, 2011).In order to practice right and referee in Nike business, Nike set policy to compete fairly and must comply with antitrust and competition laws in everywhere they do business. All product development must meet business ethical standards (Nike Code of Ethics, 2011). Nike will not tolerate retaliation against to the employees who failure to comply with the Nike code of ethics. Any employees who been reported for suspected in violation of law or policy, investigation will be conducted. Appropriate action will be taken by Nike after the investigation to prevent future violations. Besides that, refer to local law or violation of the code of ethics, action taken might lead to termination of employment. Waiver of provision of the Nike code of ethics can only be made by the Board of Directors. It is only will be promptly disclosed to shareholders when required (Nike Code of Ethics, 2011).From the above code of ethics that Nike implemented, Nike obviously is practicing the ethics of right and justice. Ethics right and Justice is define as the natural rights, such as human rights, company rights, property rights and etc, that should be reckon and protected in every single ac tion (Crane Matten, 2007). By adhering code of ethics, Nike is practiced rights and justice for human rights (employee) and as well company rights (Nike itself). By conducting the code of ethics, Nike not only protects their rights as a corporation, but as well they respected the human rights of their employees. Nike treats all the employees and contractor as a whole, no one have extra benefits or extra authority, no matter who commit violations, action will be taken by Nike against the violations.5.0 Conclusion furrow ethics is very important to a corporation. By conducting ethical business, Nike will have avoided the ethical dilemmas which adversely impact to their image and reputation. When there is no ethical dilemma, then there will no compensation to be made, which will impact the Nikes financial performance. It is essential for Nike to practice business ethics it let Nike to know what right thing to do and what the wrong thing not to do, such as violation of human rights or laws. Business ethics can assure the corporation to survive due to no criticism will lead to good reputation and good profitability.